The tradition that Jesus was nailed to the cross may also derive from the passage in some translations of Psalm 21:16 that says, “They pierce my hands and feet.”
In fact, the only reference to such nails in the Gospels comes from the book of John and the story of doubting Thomas, who asks to see the marks of the nails in Jesus’ hands to confirm that he is really encountering the resurrected Christ (John 20:25).
The New Testament Gospels do not, however, directly say that Jesus was nailed to the cross. The Tau cross, named for its resemblance to the Greek letter, has been adopted over time by various Christian orders and sects, and it probably bears a stronger resemblance to the object upon which Jesus died on than those crosses more commonly depicted in Christian art. Most historians surmise that Jesus’ cross was more likely to have been T-shaped, with the vertical element notched to allow executioners to tie the victim to the crossbeam, then raise it and set it securely into the top. They refer to an upright stake upon which the condemned could be bound with hands above their heads. The Greek and Latin words for “cross” - “stauros” and “crux” - do not necessarily describe what most people imagine as a cross. This version of the cross is visible everywhere from emoji (which include both the two-beam Latin cross and the Orthodox cross, also known as the Suppedaneum cross, which has another bar near the bottom) to roadside memorials and, of course, church steeples.īut the actual crosses Romans used for executions probably took a different shape. The iconic image of the Christian cross tends to feature a central vertical beam transected by a perpendicular beam about a third of the way down. Jesus’ cross was a stake bisected by a horizontal beam.
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